the black people were miserable. the whites were cruel and indifferent. that is actually not true at all. in washington, there were 30,000 people. 12,000 of them were black. the majority of black people in washington in 1830 were not slaves. out of the 12,000 black people, slightly more than half for free. >> washington d.c.'s first race riots. what part did francis scott key play? sunday night at 10:00 p.m. eastern. on c-span 2's book tv. >> next, california representative jerry lewis, who is retiring at the close of being 112th congress. this is about half an hour. >> congressmen jerry lewis, you are leaving after three plus decades here. in what ways is this institution different than when you joined? >> there have been many changes. the most significant difficulty with those changes is we have tended recently to more and more polarized ourselves. there is a tendency to want to paint everything in partisan terms. 90% of the issues we deal with have nothing to do with partisan politics. we are here to attempt to respond to our constituency needs in a wa